9 micronutrients selected for their health benefits and bioavailable potency
We’ve selected the compounds that have been scientifically proven to be the most easily absorbed version of the vitamins, including chelated zinc, methylated and salt compounds of B complex, D3 and Iron.
Vitamin A
Common deficiency symptoms
Poor eye, nail, skin & hair health.
While most commonly associated with a loss of vision and in extreme cases blindness, vitamin A deficiency can also lead to dry hair, broken nails, dry/itchy/bumpy skin, and dry mouth.
Fatigue
An early and often missed sign of vitamin A deficiency is low energy and becoming easily tired.
Increased risk of infections
Deficiency is linked to increased infection risk, especially vaginal, bladder, and respiratory infections.
Reduced wound healing
Without sufficient vitamin A the body struggles to quickly heal wounds and fight infection.
Diarrhoea
Vitamin A is correlated with improvements in diarrhoea, possibly through helping the GI tract repair damage.
Essential to the functioning of
Immune system
Vitamin A promotes the cell growth that comprises our bodies' first line of defence against infection, helps prevent inflammation through promoting healthy bacteria, and has antioxidant properties.
Vision
Vitamin A is essential in promoting good vision, and its deficiency is a leading contributor globally to poor eyesight and blindness.
Healthy cell development
Vitamin A helps the growth and development of cells, especially the cells which line the skin, GI tract and respiratory tract.
Oral health benefits
Support gums & teeth
Vitamin A has antimicrobial properties that keep your teeth healthy by reducing plaque, tackling gum inflammation, and supporting remineralisation.
Relevant journal articles
Gibson, G.E., Hirsch, J.A., Fonzetti, P., Jordan, B.D., Cirio, R.T. and Elder, J., 2016. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), pp.21-30.
Hrubša, M., Siatka, T., Nejmanová, I., Vopršalová, M., Kujovská Krčmová, L., Matoušová, K., Javorská, L., Macáková, K., Mercolini, L., Remião, F. and Máťuš, M., 2022. Biological properties of vitamins of the B-complex, part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients, 14(3), p.484.
Zohoori FV, Duckworth RM (eds): The Impact of Nutrition and Diet on Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2020, vol 28, pp 59–67 (DOI: 10.1159/000455372). doi: 10.1159/000455372
Vitamin B1
Common deficiency symptoms
Fatigue and muscle weakness
Vitamin B1 deficiency is associated with symptoms of fatigue and muscle weakness.
Cognitive impairment
Vitamin B1 deficiency is associated with brain fog, memory impairment, and low mood.
Essential to the functioning of
Healthy metabolism
Vitamin B1 is an important cofactor for many enzymes that contribute to the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
Cognitive health
Vitamin B1 is crucial for a healthy brain, and has been specifically linked to the hippocampus - the part of the brain responsible for memory.
Oral health benefits
Prevents bad breath and mouth ulcers
Vitamin B complex prevents bad breath and mouth ulcers through their anti-inflammatory properties and support of mucus membrane formation
Relevant journal articles
Gibson, G.E., Hirsch, J.A., Fonzetti, P., Jordan, B.D., Cirio, R.T. and Elder, J., 2016. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Annals of the New Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), pp.21-30.
Cassiano, L.M.G., Oliveira, M.S., Pioline, J. et al. Neuroinflammation regulates the balance between hippocampal neuron death and neurogenesis in an ex vivo model of thiamine deficiency. J Neuroinflammation 19, 272 (2022).
Butterworth RF. Thiamin deficiency and brain disorders. Nutr Res Rev. 2003 Dec;16(2):277-84. doi: 10.1079/NRR200367. PMID: 19087395.
Fessel J. Supplemental thiamine as a practical, potential way to prevent Alzheimer's disease from commencing. Alzheimers Dement. (2021) 7:e12199. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12199
Vitamin B12
Common deficiency symptoms
Low mood
Low levels of folic acid (B12) are found in those with depressive mental health conditions
Extreme fatigue
Deficiency can cause anaemia, resulting in extreme fatigue.
mouth ulcers
Essential to the functioning of
red blood cell production
B12 is required for the prodiction of red blood cells
DNA synthesis
B12 is required for some forms of DNA synthesis.
Brain cell metabolism
Contributes to essential neurological functioning via cell formation.
Oral health benefits
prevents bleeding gums
B12 is important for the proper development of healthy teeth and gums, and deficiencies are linked to gingival bleeding.
prevents cavities
Relevant journal articles
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Vitamin b6
Common deficiency symptoms
poor immune functioning
Low mood
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Reduced cognitive abilities
Essential to the functioning of
dopamine and serotonin
B6 is involved in neurotransmitter biosynthesis of epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), dopamine and serotonin.
metabolism in cells
Critical cofactor in cellular metabolic reactions
strong immune system
Required in the production of white blood cells, T cells, and the protein interleukin-2 to direct white blood cell activity in immune response.
Fact
Text
Relevant journal articles
Gibson, G.E., Hirsch, J.A., Fonzetti, P., Jordan, B.D., Cirio, R.T. and Elder, J., 2016. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), pp.21-30.
Hrubša, M., Siatka, T., Nejmanová, I., Vopršalová, M., Kujovská Krčmová, L., Matoušová, K., Javorská, L., Macáková, K., Mercolini, L., Remião, F. and Máťuš, M., 2022. Biological properties of vitamins of the B-complex, part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients, 14(3), p.484.
Zohoori FV, Duckworth RM (eds): The Impact of Nutrition and Diet on Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2020, vol 28, pp 59–67 (DOI: 10.1159/000455372). doi: 10.1159/000455372
Vitamin C
Common deficiency symptoms
Longer colds & poor immunity
Vitamin C is vital for a strong immune system, and has been specifically indicated in helping defend against the cold virus
weakened skin barrier & susceptibility to infection
Vitamin C supports skin barrier function against pathogens.
weaker bones
Essential to the functioning of
strong immune system
Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, protecting the body against oxidative stress. It is required for the function of white blood cells and has been shown to enhance differentiation and proliferation of B- and T-cells.
iron uptake
Vitamin C is a powerful enhancer of iron absorption and when taken together massively increases the availability of iron.
collagen production
Oral health benefits
Fact
Text
Relevant journal articles
Gibson, G.E., Hirsch, J.A., Fonzetti, P., Jordan, B.D., Cirio, R.T. and Elder, J., 2016. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), pp.21-30.
Hrubša, M., Siatka, T., Nejmanová, I., Vopršalová, M., Kujovská Krčmová, L., Matoušová, K., Javorská, L., Macáková, K., Mercolini, L., Remião, F. and Máťuš, M., 2022. Biological properties of vitamins of the B-complex, part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients, 14(3), p.484.
Zohoori FV, Duckworth RM (eds): The Impact of Nutrition and Diet on Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2020, vol 28, pp 59–67 (DOI: 10.1159/000455372). doi: 10.1159/000455372
Vitamin D
Common deficiency symptoms
Fact
Text
Essential to the functioning of
Fact
Text
Oral health benefits
Fact
Text
Relevant journal articles
Gibson, G.E., Hirsch, J.A., Fonzetti, P., Jordan, B.D., Cirio, R.T. and Elder, J., 2016. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), pp.21-30.
Hrubša, M., Siatka, T., Nejmanová, I., Vopršalová, M., Kujovská Krčmová, L., Matoušová, K., Javorská, L., Macáková, K., Mercolini, L., Remião, F. and Máťuš, M., 2022. Biological properties of vitamins of the B-complex, part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients, 14(3), p.484.
Zohoori FV, Duckworth RM (eds): The Impact of Nutrition and Diet on Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2020, vol 28, pp 59–67 (DOI: 10.1159/000455372). doi: 10.1159/000455372
Iron
Common deficiency symptoms
Fact
Text
Essential to the functioning of
Fact
Text
Oral health benefits
Fact
Text
Relevant journal articles
Gibson, G.E., Hirsch, J.A., Fonzetti, P., Jordan, B.D., Cirio, R.T. and Elder, J., 2016. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), pp.21-30.
Hrubša, M., Siatka, T., Nejmanová, I., Vopršalová, M., Kujovská Krčmová, L., Matoušová, K., Javorská, L., Macáková, K., Mercolini, L., Remião, F. and Máťuš, M., 2022. Biological properties of vitamins of the B-complex, part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients, 14(3), p.484.
Zohoori FV, Duckworth RM (eds): The Impact of Nutrition and Diet on Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2020, vol 28, pp 59–67 (DOI: 10.1159/000455372). doi: 10.1159/000455372
Zinc
Common deficiency symptoms
Fact
Text
Essential to the functioning of
Fact
Text
Oral health benefits
Fact
Text
Relevant journal articles
Gibson, G.E., Hirsch, J.A., Fonzetti, P., Jordan, B.D., Cirio, R.T. and Elder, J., 2016. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), pp.21-30.
Hrubša, M., Siatka, T., Nejmanová, I., Vopršalová, M., Kujovská Krčmová, L., Matoušová, K., Javorská, L., Macáková, K., Mercolini, L., Remião, F. and Máťuš, M., 2022. Biological properties of vitamins of the B-complex, part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients, 14(3), p.484.
Zohoori FV, Duckworth RM (eds): The Impact of Nutrition and Diet on Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2020, vol 28, pp 59–67 (DOI: 10.1159/000455372). doi: 10.1159/000455372
Folic Acid
Common deficiency symptoms
Fact
Text
Essential to the functioning of
Fact
Text
Oral health benefits
Fact
Text
Relevant journal articles
Gibson, G.E., Hirsch, J.A., Fonzetti, P., Jordan, B.D., Cirio, R.T. and Elder, J., 2016. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and dementia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), pp.21-30.
Hrubša, M., Siatka, T., Nejmanová, I., Vopršalová, M., Kujovská Krčmová, L., Matoušová, K., Javorská, L., Macáková, K., Mercolini, L., Remião, F. and Máťuš, M., 2022. Biological properties of vitamins of the B-complex, part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients, 14(3), p.484.
Zohoori FV, Duckworth RM (eds): The Impact of Nutrition and Diet on Oral Health. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2020, vol 28, pp 59–67 (DOI: 10.1159/000455372). doi: 10.1159/000455372